Difference between revisions of "British units in World War I"

Revision as of 12:04, 11 November 2017

This page is about units mainly recruited in the United Kingdom from British subjects. For units recruited by the British Crown or colonial governments outside the UK, India and the major dominions, see British colonial units in World War I. For example, we class the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, West India Regiment and British West Indies Regiment as colonial, not British, as this seems to agree with the definition in the Manual of Military Law. If you're not sure where to look for a specific unit, use the website search. This can also help you find specific units under variant names.

See how you can help to find out how you can help collect experiences of those in the First World War in their own words; you can also help by filling in the battalions for each regiment. A good source is the Long, Long Trail's page for the British infantry of 1914-1918 and on The British Divisions of 1914-1918. Chris Baker, the site's owner, has kindly given permission to use information from the site. We now have pages for most infantry battalions, but please feel free to get stuck in if you spot a gap!

Here's a list of REGIMENTS and CORPS of the BRITISH ARMY in 1918 (via the Internet Archive as the site appears to have been down for some years).

If you've got a diary, letters or other personal narratives you want to add now:

• if the page for the author's unit already exists, you can add it straight to the page. See below for which British units do and don't currently have pages.
• if the page for the author's unit doesn't yet exist, you can create it.
• if you don't want to create a page or you don't know which unit the author belonged to, you can add the narrative to Lists of personal diaries, letters, memoirs.

To create a new page:

Type the name of the unit, add ", British Army" to the end if it's a British unit, then make it into a wiki link by putting two square brackets around the name of the regiment or battalion, like this:

[[1st Battalion Example Regiment, British Army]]

This makes it into a red link 1st Battalion Example Regiment, British Army; you can click on any red-linked page name to create that page. You can also create a page by entering its name in the search box. If it doesn't already exist, you can click on the red link in the search results.

See also naming conventions for British units.

British Army

The British Army consisted of land forces raised in the United Kingdom apart from the Royal Marines and the Royal Naval Division. It had these branches:

• Regular Army
• New Army
• Territorial Force
• Special Reserve
• Volunteer Force

Most regiments and corps included a mixture of units from each branch.

Every British army unit that has a page on this site should be listed in Category:All British Army units.

See also British Army Hierarchies for more information about the structure of the Army.

Higher formations

These are tactical formations above division level:

• Category:British corps (tactical) has pages for every corps except and Tank Corps headquarters. These were the next level above divisions.
• Category:British armies has pages for all the armies on the Western Front and at Salonika and Gallipoli. These were the next level above corps.
• Category:British Empire GHQs contains expeditionary forces and other formations that had the general headquarters in a theatre of war. Some pages have been added but several theatres are still missing.

Infantry

Infantry regiments

We now have a page for every infantry regiment of the British Army. The table below shows links to the pages and the regiments' full names. It can be sorted by names or order of precedence. The website search can also help you find specific units under variant names.

Also administratively part of the infantry:

• Army Cyclist Corps, British Army
• Royal Defence Corps, British Army

Regiment pages show each regiment's parent record office. Record offices also have their own pages, listed in Category:British Army record offices.

Infantry battalions

'The battalion was the basic tactical unit of the infantry of the British Army in the Great War of 1914-1918. At full establishment it consisted of 1,007 men of whom 30 were officers. It comprised a Battalion Headquarters and four Companies.'[1]

We now have pages for nearly every British infantry battalion known to have existed. There might be some provisional battalions and Royal Defence Corps battalions missing: these will need to be added manually if any can be identified.

We don't yet have any information about Royal Defence Corps protection companies.

See also #Volunteer Training Corps below.

There are too many battalions to list on this page (already more than 1,700), but there are several ways you can find them:

The regiment pages shown in the table above should list all battalions known to have been part of a regiment.

The following categories list British infantry battalions:

• Category:British infantry battalions: all British infantry battalions that have pages, listed alphabetically by regiment, then in order of battalion numbers. Includes Army, Royal Navy and Royal Marines.
  • Also has sub-categories listing certain battalions by uniform distinctions and special roles, but these are not yet complete.
• Category:British Army infantry battalions by regimental precedence: British Army infantry battalions only, listed in order of regimental precedence as shown in the above table, then in order of battalion numbers.

You can also use the search box to find battalions that already have pages. You don't always have to enter the name exactly as it appears in the page title: alternative names will often show up as redirects or part of the page text.

Infantry brigades

We now have a page for nearly every British infantry brigade that has war diaries. These pages are listed in Category:British infantry brigades.

Please feel free to add any missing brigades.

Infantry divisions

We now have pages for every British infantry division, including the divisions of the original Fourth New Army that were broken up in April 1915. These pages are listed in Category:British divisions.

Cavalry

We now have pages for more or less every British cavalry and yeomanry unit. You can find them in Category:British mounted units and its sub-categories.

Cavalry administrative units

These are the administrative corps and record offices of the British cavalry, including regular, yeomanry and Special Reserve regiments:

• Household Cavalry, British Army
  • Hyde Park 1st Life Guards Record Office, British Army
  • Windsor 2nd Life Guards Record Office, British Army
  • Regents Park Royal Horse Guards Record Office, British Army
• Canterbury Cavalry Record Office, British Army
  • Corps of Dragoons, British Army
  • Corps of Lancers, British Army
• York Cavalry Record Office, British Army
  • Corps of Hussars, British Army

Cavalry divisions and corps

• Cavalry Corps, British Army
• 1st Cavalry Division, British Army
• 2nd Cavalry Division, British Army
• 3rd Cavalry Division, British Army
• the numbers 4th and 5th were used by Indian divisions
• 1st Mounted Division, British Army
• 2nd Mounted Division, British Army
• 3rd Mounted Division, British Army
• 4th Mounted Division, British Army
• Yeomanry Mounted Division, British Army

Cavalry brigades

See Category:British cavalry and mounted brigades for regular cavalry and yeomanry mounted brigades.

Cavalry and yeomanry regiments

Cavalry and yeomanry (ie Territorial cavalry) regiments and independent squadrons are listed in these categories:

• Category:British cavalry units lists all cavalry regiments and squadrons that have pages alphabetically by regiment name, including regular cavalry, yeomanry, Special Reserve and corps cavalry regiments.
• Category:British cavalry by regimental precedence lists regular cavalry and yeomanry regiments by order of precedence.
• Category:British yeomanry by county lists yeomanry regiments alphabetically by county, which is not always the same as regiment name.

Sources

• Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail: The British cavalry regiments of 1914-1918 lists British regular and special reserve cavalry regiments, with further reading.
• Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail: The British Yeomanry of 1914-1918 lists British yeomanry regiments (these were the Territorial branch of the cavalry).
• Chris Baker, The Long, Long Trail: Renumbering of the Territorial Force Yeomanry in 1917 lists which administrative corps each regiment belonged to.

Imperial Camel Corps

• Imperial Camel Corps
• Imperial Camel Brigade
• 2nd Battalion Imperial Camel Corps

Machine Gun Units

We now have pages for all British machine gun units that have war diaries. Any that don't have war diaries will need to be added manually.

Most units belonged to Machine Gun Corps, British Army, consisting of:

• Machine Gun Corps (Infantry), British Army:
  • independent machine gun companies attached to infantry brigades and divisions (1916-18): see Category:British machine gun companies
  • machine gun battalions attached to divisions (1918): see Category:British machine gun battalions
• Machine Gun Corps (Cavalry), British Army
  • machine gun squadrons attached to cavalry brigades: see Category:British machine gun squadrons
• Machine Gun Corps (Motors), British Army, formerly part of Royal Field Artillery, British Army and known as the Motor Machine Gun Service.
  • see Category:British motor machine gun batteries and Category:British motor machine gun brigades
• Machine Gun Corps (Heavy), British Army operated the first tanks and became Tank Corps, British Army
• Machine Gun Training Centre, British Army

The Guards had their own machine gun units which were administratively separate from the Machine Gun Corps:

• machine gun companies:
  • 1st Guards Machine Gun Company, British Army
  • 2nd Guards Machine Gun Company, British Army
  • 3rd Guards Machine Gun Company, British Army
• Guards Machine Gun Regiment, British Army (formerly Machine Gun Guards):
  • 1st Battalion Guards Machine Gun Regiment, British Army
  • 2nd Battalion Guards Machine Gun Regiment, British Army
  • 3rd Battalion Guards Machine Gun Regiment, British Army
  • 4th Battalion Guards Machine Gun Regiment, British Army

Artillery

Royal Artillery, British Army was an arm of the British Army, divided into two corps:

• Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Field Artillery, British Army; divided into two distinct identities:
  • Royal Horse Artillery, British Army
  • Royal Field Artillery, British Army
• Royal Garrison Artillery, British Army

The basic unit of the Royal Field Artillery was the brigade, which was roughly equivalent to an infantry battalion.

We now have pages for every Royal Horse Artillery unit that has war diaries. These are listed in Category:British horse artillery units.

Cyclists

See Category:British cyclist battalions and Category:British cyclist companies for cyclist units.

Most of these were administratively under Army Cyclist Corps, British Army but there are some exceptions. The following independent units were also classed as infantry regiments:

• Highland Cyclist Battalion, British Army
• Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion, British Army
• Kent Cyclist Battalion, British Army
• Northern Cyclist Battalion, British Army

The Territorial battalions of some county infantry regiments were equipped as cyclists. All of these battalions have pages and are categorised as cyclist battalions as well as infantry battalions.

Some yeomanry cavalry regiments were converted into cyclists. We haven't yet catalogued these changes but all yeomanry regiments have pages.

Other regiments, corps and departments

This is a list of other regiments, corps and departments of the British Army.

• Army Chaplains Department, British Army
• Army Ordnance Corps, British Army
• Army Ordnance Department, British Army
• Army Pay Corps, British Army
• Army Pay Department, British Army
• Army Service Corps, British Army
• Army Veterinary Corps, British Army
• Labour Corps, British Army
• Military Police, British Army divided into:
  • Military Foot Police, British Army
  • Military Mounted Police, British Army
• Non-Combatant Corps, British Army
• Royal Army Medical Corps, British Army
• Royal Army Ordnance Corps, British Army
• Royal Engineers, British Army
• Tank Corps, British Army

Women's departments

• Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service
• Territorial Force Nursing Service
• Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps

Officer Cadet Battalions

These battalions were set up to train new officers. They all have pages, listed in Category:British officer cadet battalions.

Volunteer Training Corps and Volunteer Force

Home defence units similar to the Home Guard in WW2. Initially known as the Volunteer Training Corps and not officially recognised by the War Office. In June 1916, the British Crown declared that volunteer units could be accepted under the terms of the 1863 Volunteer Act, which had never been repealed but had not been used in practice since the old Volunteer Force was converted into the Territorial Force in 1908. From then on, volunteer units accepted by the Crown were part of the Volunteer Force and their names were listed in the official Army Orders when they were accepted.^[1] Later in the war, probably in 1918, Volunteer battalions were integrated into British Army regiments. We're not yet sure how far they were administratively integrated, but at the very least they took the name and badge of the parent regiment.

For the purposes of data on this site, Volunteer units that were officially accepted by Army Orders will be treated as a branch of the British Army called "Volunteer Force". If we can identify any units that existed in the VTC but were not accepted by the Crown into the VF, they will be classed as a separate service called "Volunteer Training Corps".

We don't have a definitive list of units, but have started building a list of red links below. Please add any regiments or battalions that you know of. Page names will be based on pre-1918 Volunteer regiment names to disambiguate the units from pre-1908 Volunteer battalions. Ideally the canonical names will be taken from Army Orders listing accepted units.

More units are listed in Army Orders 206, 284, 323 and 374 of 1916. Links to these will be added later.

• Carnarvonshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 1st Battalion Carnarvonshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 2nd Battalion Carnarvonshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
• Cheshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 6th Battalion Cheshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • Bucklow Mounted Corps, British Army
• Dorsetshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
• Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 1st Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 2nd Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 3rd Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 4th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 5th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 6th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 7th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 8th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 9th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 10th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 11th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 12th Battalion Durham Volunteer Regiment, British Army
• Forfarshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 1/1st Battalion Forfarshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 2/1st Battalion Forfarshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
• Hampshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 1st Battalion Hampshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 2nd Battalion Hampshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 3rd Battalion Hampshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 4th Battalion Hampshire Volunteer Regiment, British Army
• Surrey Volunteer Regiment, British Army
  • 5th Battalion Surrey Volunteer Regiment, British Army

For more information see:

• Great War Forum thread on Volunteer Battalions
• London Gazette 2910/815 list commissions in a few Volunteer regiments in 1917
• Wikipedia:Volunteer Training Corps (World War I)

Royal Navy

Branches:

• Regular Navy
• Royal Naval Reserve
• Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve

Also included the Royal Naval Air Service, which operated aircraft and armoured cars.

Royal Navy infantry

These infantry units and formations were raised by the Royal Navy but fought on land under Army command.

• 63rd (Royal Naval) Division, British
• 1st Royal Naval Brigade, British
• 188th Infantry Brigade, British
• 189th Infantry Brigade, British
• Anson Battalion, British
• Benbow Battalion, British
• Collingwood Battalion, British
• Drake Battalion, British
• Hawke Battalion, British
• Hood Battalion, British
• Howe Battalion, British
• Nelson Battalion, British

Royal Marines

• Royal Marine Light Infantry, British Army
  • Royal Marine Brigade, British
  • 1st Battalion, Royal Marines, British
  • 2nd Battalion, Royal Marines, British
  • Chatham Battalion, Royal Marines, British
  • Deal Battalion, Royal Marines, British
  • Plymouth Battalion, Royal Marines, British
  • Portsmouth Battalion, Royal Marines, British
• Royal Marine Artillery, British Army
• Royal Marine Engineers, British Army

RMLI units that were not part of the Royal Naval Division will need to be added manually if any can be identified.

Royal Air Force

Formed in April 1918 from the Royal Flying Corps (part of the Army) and Royal Naval Air Service (part of the Royal Navy).

Other organisations

We need more information about the legal and administrative status of some of these organisations in relation to the British Army.

• Voluntary Aid Detachments included men's and women's units. Officially recognised by the War Office, but what was its relationship with the Army?
• British Red Cross
• Order of St John
• Friends Ambulance Unit: set up by Quakers and operated with the British Red Cross and Order of St John. More information. Was this a recognised Voluntary Aid Detachment or something else?

Women's organisations

See also women's departments of the British Army above.

• Women's Hospital Corps
• Scottish Women's Hospitals: not officially recognised by the British War Office but served with other allied nations in several theatres.
• The Women's Volunteer Reserve
• The Women's Legion
• Almeric Paget Military Massage Corps
• First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (FANY, now the Princess Royal’s Volunteer Corps). Authorised by the British Crown but separate from the Army.
• Women's Auxiliary Force
• Women's Auxiliary Agricultural Corps
• Women's Forage Corps
• Women's Forestry Corps
• Women's Land Army